Liquid coating composition



cameo CARL D. HOOKER, EAST ORANGE, JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO WESTERN ELECTRIC LIQUID COATING COMPOSITION.

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CARL D. HOOKER, a citizen of the United States, residing at East Orange, in the county of Essex, State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Liquid Coating Compositions, of which the following is a full. clear, concise, and exact description.

This Invention relates to the production of suitable resinous compositions which may be employed as the base in the manufacture of varnishes, impregnating compounds, lacquers, enamels, japans,and the like. More particularly it has to do with the use of such coating when heat is applied thereto to facilitate the drying thereof. In enameling or japanning electrical conductors or other metallic surfaces for example, either for electrical insulation or atmospheric protection, many compounds composed of resinous or oily materials, or both combined with volatile solvents or vehicles have been used. The usual method of application has been to apply the composition while in the condition of a thin liquid, thereafter removing the solvent orvehiole by increasing the temperature. The tendency in such a process is to produce a more or less non-continuous coating due to the impossibility of removing the solvent uniformly. The solution of such a problem would seem to lie' in using a composition which after application with the aid of heat will undergo a chemical change, thereby converting art of the solvent or vehicle used into a soli which will form part of the finishedcoating.

An object of the invention is lip produce a liquid coating composition, whic after application with the aid of heat, converts the prepared li uid coating composition into a semi-solid :t rough chemical action; and with continued heating, such as usually applied to bake enamels and fapans, forms a hard, firm, continuous and urable coating.

It has been found that such compositions may be formed by combining under the proper conditions a resin, such as Congo copal, shellac, Manila copal, etc., one or more free fatty acids and a polyacid alcohol such as glycerlne. In carrying out the preparation of such a compound, the resin and Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 18, 1922.

Application filed December 11, 1919. Serial No. 3%,177.

free fatty acids are mixed in suitable proportions until, with the aid of heat, a uniform homogeneous mass is obtained. This condition having been arrived at, the polyacid alcohol is added and the temperature .increased until the mass again becomes homogeneous. For example, if 150 arts of congo copal are added to 500 parts of a mixture of free fatty acids such as is derived from a vegetable oil by the saponification thereof, 1121} arts of glycerine will be required to ive t e final product the desired consistency.

hen the mass hasbecome cool, a thick syrupy liquid is obtained which contains about 20 per cent of its weight as resin.

The compound so produced possesses the property of gelatinizing upon the further application of heat without the addition of other substances. This feature in itself will widen the field of application of compositions prepared from the materials heretofore mentioned.

While the above method is sufficient to produce the desired result, it is somewhat expensive because of the large amount of free fatty acid and polyacid alcohol required.

By substituting a vegetable oil, say castor oil, for example, for part of the glycerine will e considerably decreased and the prodand part of the acid, the cost of the material not will be identical for practical purposes with that produced in the afore-mentioned manner. In carrying out this process,

which is the preferred method of producing surface which is to be coated. It is desirable, in some cases at least, to add organic solvents, such as kerosene and the like, in order to render the composition more liquid.

When a smooth, uniform coveringhas been secured, heat is applied thereto in such a manner that a gradual thickening of the fluid coating takes place. The temperature s then increased until solidification occurs.

It is to be understood that although Congo copal and shellac have been mentioned herein specifically, it is intended to include any resin which has the property of forming a gelatinous product with a polyacid alcohol. In referring to vegetable oils or fatty oils, all oils which will, upon saponification yield one or more fatty acids are included. Some of the oils which have been usedv are: Chinese wood oil, corn oil, castor oil, linseed oil, soya bean oil, rapeseed oil, sesame oil, cotton-seed oil and peanut oil.

In order that it may be understood what acids are intended to be included as belonging to the fatty acid class, a word of explanation is considered necessary. Various textbooks which contain matter relating to the chemical composition of such substances, differ in their classification of the fatty acids. As used in this specification, the term fattyacids is considered to include any and all classes embraced by the following outline. I

1. Acids of the acetic series, C H O 2. Acids of the oleic series, C E 0 3. Acids of the series, C H O Which includes the open chain and cyclic acids.

4. Acids of the linoleic series, C H O 1 ,azaeei 2. A liquid coating composition resulting from a combination comprising glycerine, resin, free fatty acid and vegetable oil.

3. A liquid coating composition resulting from a combination comprising glycerine, congo copal, free fatty acid and castor oil.

t. The process of making a liquid coating composition which comprises treating resin with free fatty acid, and combining glycerine with the product so formed.

5. The process of'making a liquid coating compositionwhich comprises treating resin with free fatty acid, and combining glycerine and vegetable oil with the product so formed.

6. The rocess of making a liquid coating composition which comprises treating congo copal with free fatty acid and combining glycerine and castor oil with the product so formed.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 10th day of December, A. D.,

- CARL D. HOCKER. 

